Fig. 3: CSF distribution to functional-anatomic cell groupings is altered in post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: CSF distribution to functional-anatomic cell groupings is altered in post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

From: Gold nanoparticle-enhanced X-ray microtomography of the rodent reveals region-specific cerebrospinal fluid circulation in the brain

Fig. 3

a T2-weighted MRI showing ventriculomegaly 72 h after hemoglobin injection into the right lateral ventricle of P4 rodents to induce intraventricular hemorrhage-posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (IVH-PHH). scalebar = 1 mm. b Lateral ventricle volume was significantly increased in IVH-PHH rodents compared to the aCSF controls. Data are mean ± S.D., n = 3 rodents, unpaired two-tailed t-test. c 1.9 nm gold nanoparticle (AuNP) mean intensity in 18 functional-anatomic cell groupings in IVH-PHH rodents 10 minutes after intraventricular injection at P7. Data are mean ± S.D., n = 3 rodents. d Schematic representation of functional-anatomic cell groupings with significantly decreased 1.9 nm AuNP intensity in IVH-PHH rodents (compared to aCSF controls) (gray). Cell groupings with no significant change in AuNP intensity are shown in brown and those that were not able to be consistently identified after PHH are shown in white with a dotted outline. Abbreviations: nucleus accumbens (Acb), layers III and V of the cortex (III, V), dorsal medial hypothalamus (DMH), habenula (H), hippocampus (hippo), globus pallidus internus (GPi), amygdala (amyg), interpeduncular nucleus (IP), superior colliculus (SC), oculomotor nucleus (3), lateral lemniscus (LL), motor trigeminal nucleus (Mo5), periolivary region of the superior olivary complex (POR), laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT), locus coeruleus (LC), ventral cochlear nucleus (VCO), facial nerve nucleus (7, 7n), dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMX), hypoglossal nucleus (12n), spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5), inferior olivary nucleus (IO), deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), nucleus ambiguus (AM), and lamina IX of the spinal cord (IX). e–f Coronal X-ray microtomography (XRM) (e) and histology (f) images showing AuNP distribution in the hypoglossal nucleus (12n) (white box) in aCSF control and IVH-PHH rodents. e Scalebar = 1 mm, f scalebar = 25 µm. g–i XRM (g) and quantifications (h, i) showing changes in the number and length of basal CSF pathways in IVH-PHH rodents. g Scalebar = 100 µm. Data are mean ± S.D., n = 3 rodents, unpaired two-tailed t-test. Coronal XRM, histology, and quantifications of the other 17 regions (n = 3 rodents per condition) are shown in Supplementary Fig. 10. Source data are provided in Supplementary Information. Figure 3d was created with BioRender.com.

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