Fig. 3: Bounce-averaged pitch-angle (<\({D}_{{{\rm{\alpha }}}_{{eq}}{\alpha }_{{eq}}}\)>), momentum (<Dpp>), and mixed (<\({D}_{{{\rm{\alpha }}}_{{eq}}p}\)>) diffusion rates as a function of electron energy (E) and equatorial pitch angle (αeq). | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Bounce-averaged pitch-angle (<\({D}_{{{\rm{\alpha }}}_{{eq}}{\alpha }_{{eq}}}\)>), momentum (<Dpp>), and mixed (<\({D}_{{{\rm{\alpha }}}_{{eq}}p}\)>) diffusion rates as a function of electron energy (E) and equatorial pitch angle (αeq).

From: Diffuse auroral precipitation driven by lower-band chorus second harmonics

Fig. 3: Bounce-averaged pitch-angle (< $${D}_{{{\rm{\alpha }}}_{{eq}}{\alpha }_{{eq}}}$$ D α e q α e q >), momentum (<Dpp>), and mixed (< $${D}_{{{\rm{\alpha }}}_{{eq}}p}$$ D α e q p >) diffusion rates as a function of electron energy (E) and equatorial pitch angle (αeq).

a–c Lower-band chorus only cause electron diffusions in energy above 4 keV (dashed white lines). d–f Second-harmonic emissions can only cause effective diffusion at a wide range of energy centered near 2 keV. g–i Combined effect of lower-band chorus and their second harmonic can cause electron diffusions at energy during 0.1–30 keV, which contributes to diffuse auroral precipitations.

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