Fig. 1: Host vimentin IFs promote the cytosolic replication of Salmonella by maintaining SCV morphology.

a Immunofluorescence images of cells infected with Salmonella (MOI = 10). b Quantification of relative vimentin area versus cell area in (a) was measured. n = 30 views (60×/1.5 oil objective) from three independent experiments. c Time-lapse imaging of vimentin-GFP expressing cells infected with Salmonella (MOI = 10). d Quantification of normalized vimentin-GFP intensity around Salmonella cluster in (c) from three independent experiments. e Representative 3D-SIM super-resolution imaging and the cross-section showing the cage-like structure of vimentin around Salmonella (MOI = 10) at 24 hpi. f Western blotting of wild-type (WT) and vimentin knockout (VIM KO) cell lines. GAPDH serves as the loading control. g Immunofluorescence images of cells infected with Salmonella (MOI = 10) at 24 hpi. h Quantification of the percentage of SCV versus dispersive SCV in (g) was measured. n = 20 views (60×/1.5 oil objective) from three independent experiments. i Quantification of relative MFI values by FACS in WT and VIM KO cells infected with mCherry-tagged Salmonella (MOI = 50) from three independent experiments. j Quantification of relative MFI values by FACS in cells infected with mCherry-tagged Salmonella (MOI = 50) over three independent experiments. k Percentage of infected cells in WT and VIM KO background (MOI = 10). n = 20 views (60×/1.5 oil objective) from three independent experiments. l Quantification of the normalized cell death rate in cells infected with Salmonella (MOI = 10) at 24 hpi from three independent experiments. m Schematic diagram of Salmonella induced vimentin remodeling to surround SCV. White dash lines in (a) indicate the outline of the cells. Assays were conducted three times independently with similar results (e and f). Scale bars, 10 μm (a, c, the cell images in e and g) and 2 μm (the magnified images in e and g). Data are represented as mean ± SD. Statistics (ns, p > 0.05; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001): unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test (d, k), one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s analysis (b, j and l) or two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s analysis (i, h). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.