Fig. 4: HIV-1 activated caspase-1 and IL-1β are required for ODC-1 expression in CD4⁺ T cells.

HTOC cells were TCR stimulated with IL-1β (10 ng/ml) for 6 days in the presence or absence of Anakinra (10 μg/ml). A Histogram plot showing ODC-1 expression. B ODC-1 and CD121(IL-1R1) expression in CD4⁺ T cells (n = 3 independent experiments). C ODC-1 expression gating on CD121 high versus CD121 low cells (n = 5 independent experiments). Flow cytometry plots of unstained and FMO stain controls are provided in the Supplementary Fig. 9. D–G Purified tonsillar CD4⁺ T cells were TCR activated, infected with HIV and allowed to expand for 6-days post-infection in the presence of ARI, Efavirenz (50 nM). Caspase-1 inhibitor (VX-765, 250 nM) and Anakinra (10 μg/ml) were added as indicated, 36 h post-infection. ODC-1 expression (D), T_reg and T_regDys proportions (n = 3 independent experiments) (E), Th17 proportions (n = 4 independent experiments) (F), and T_regDys/Th17 ratios (n = 3 independent experiments) (G) are shown. Light and dark gray histograms represent staining controls for ARI and HIV+ ARI conditions, respectively in A and D. Flow cytometry plots of these respective graphs are provided in Supplementary Fig. 11. Results are derived from three to four independent experiments and are presented as mean values +/− SEM. ****P < 0.0001; ***P = 0.0001–0.0002; **P < 0.002; *P 0.002–0.02; Two-tailed; Unpaired t test in B–G. Circles within box plots represent each replicate.