Fig. 4: The electrochemical performance of PANI||Zn full batteries and self-power systems at different temperatures. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: The electrochemical performance of PANI||Zn full batteries and self-power systems at different temperatures.

From: Tailoring water structure with high-tetrahedral-entropy for antifreezing electrolytes and energy storage at −80 °C

Fig. 4: The electrochemical performance of PANI||Zn full batteries and self-power systems at different temperatures.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Ionic conductivities of the four electrolytes over the temperature range of −80~+25 °C. b The capacity and charge-discharge curves of PANI||Zn full batteries at 1 A g−1 and temperatures in the range 25 °C to −80 °C. c Rate performance at different current densities (0.1 to 1 A g−1) at −70 °C. Cycling performance (1 A g−1) at (d) −70 °C and (e) −80 °C. f Low-temperature performance comparison of this work with previously reported ZIB systems. g Schematic illustrating the self-powered system combining ZIB and TENG for powering a space rover under extremely cold conditions. h TENG-charge and galvanostatic discharge performance of the self-powered system at −80 °C.

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