Fig. 2: Effects of mAbs in arthritis mouse models.

A Common ACPAs do not induce arthritis. A dose of 4 mg per mouse for each antibody was intraperitoneally injected on day 0 (n = 3 for LPS and 4 for others), followed by a boost with LPS on day 3. Arthritis scores are analyzed using Mann–Whitney test (two-tailed) and presented as mean ± SD. B E4 does not induce pain-like behavior. 2 mg of E4 and ACC1, and 4 mg of ACC4 or saline were injected on day 0 (n = 6 for ACC1, E4 and saline, and 12 for ACC4), mechanical allodynia was assessed by paw withdrawal response. Data were assessed using paired t test (two-tailed) and presented as mean ± SEM. C, D E4 protects Cia9i mice against collagen-antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA). Arthritogenic COL2 antibody M2139 (3 mg) was injected either (C) alone (n = 5 for M2139 + E4m and 6 for others) or (D) in combination with another COL2 antibody ACC1 (3 mg) (n = 6) through i.v or i.p on day 0, followed by a boost with LPS on day 3. E4/E4m/L2 (3 mg) were injected with or without COL2 antibodies on day 0. Data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney test (two-tailed) and presented as mean ± SD. E Representative H&E and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining on joint tissue sections from the CAIA experiment. Scale bars represent 100 µm. F Histological assessment for each group (n = 5 for group iii and 6 for others). Data are analyzed using one-way ANOVA and presented as mean ± SEM. G Quantification of osteoclast numbers in cartilage sections from the TRAP staining (n = 5 for group i and 6 for others). Data are assessed using one-way ANOVA and presented as mean ± SEM. H E4 protects mice against glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI) induced arthritis (GPIA). DBA/1 mice were subcutaneously immunized with hGPI_325-339 peptide (10 μg/mouse) on day 0 together with E4 (2 mg, n = 9) or PBS (n = 15). Data are analyzed using Mann–Whitney test (two-tailed) and presented as mean ± SEM.