Fig. 4: Validation of plasma ofCS modified CD44 in different types of the malignant tumor.

a–c ROC curves analysis for the diagnosis of all stages of the pan-cancer set in validation study 1. d ROC curves analysis for the diagnosis of all stages (blue) of the pan-cancer set consisting of nine solid malignant tumor types except for hepatocellular carcinoma and early-stage patients (red) using the plasma ofCS-CD44. The dotted diagonal line denotes an AUC of 0.50. e–m ROC curves of all-stage (blue) and early-stage (red) bladder, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric, nasopharyngeal, lung, pancreatic, breast, and cervical cancer, respectively. n, o The OR and 95% CIs of the plasma ofCS-CD44 and cancer risk by decile at validation study for all stage patients of pan-cancer (n = 13,735) (n) and early-stage patients (n = 891) (o). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the ORs adjusted for sex and age. All the tests were two-sided. The solid dots in the center for the error bars are the OR values, and the error bars are the corresponding 95% confidence intervals of the ORs. The dashed lines represent the OR values for samples with ofCS-CD44 ≥90% (upper line) and ofCS-CD44 <20% (lower line).