Table 1 Systems explored using atomistic simulation models (*LMD: luminal domain of seipin oligomer; **TM + LMD: seipin oligomer with transmembrane helices and luminal domain, *** see ref. 14 Table S1 for ER membrane lipid composition)

From: Cholesterol esters form supercooled lipid droplets whose nucleation is facilitated by triacylglycerols

Seipin

ER membrane system*** (mol% of neutral lipids)

Simulation time (in μs)

No. of simulations

No

CE (5 mol%)

2

3

No

CE (7 mol%)

2

3

No

CE (10 mol%)

2

3

No

TG + CE (2.5 mol%+2.5 mol%)

2

3

No

TG + CE (3 mol%+4 mol%)

2

3

No

TG + CE (5 mol%+5 mol%)

2

3

Seipin (TM + LMD**)

CE (5 mol%)

3

1

Seipin (LMD*)

CE (5 mol%)

5

1

Seipin (TM + LMD**)

CE (2.5 mol% within oligomer lumen and 2.5 mol% in the bulk)

1

5

Seipin (LMD*)

TG + CE (2.5 mol%+2.5 mol%)

5

1

Seipin (S166A mutant)

CE (5 mol%)

1

3

Seipin (S165A-S166A mutant)

CE (5 mol%)

1

3