Fig. 1: Visualizing RNAs in live mammalian cells using the modular Riboglow platform.

Cobalamin (Cbl) is synthetically coupled to a fluorophore (F) via an organic linker. Fluorescence of F is quenched by Cbl in the Cbl-F context. The Cbl moiety binds to a specific riboswitch-derived RNA sequence, inducing fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime increase in Cbl-F. For live cell fluorescence detection, the RNA tag is genetically fused to an RNA of interest (e.g., ACTB mRNA, NORAD). Riboglow RNA tags with affinity to Cbl may vary in sequence (here, variants A and D). One or multiple RNA tag repeats may be used.