Fig. 2: Species-level standing biomass and woody productivity across 2604 species populations (excluding rare aggreagated species populations) in 60 forest plots in eastern Asia.

Plots are grouped by mean annual temperature (MAT). a Relationships between per-plot species-i relative aboveground woody productivity p_i, against species aboveground biomass B_i, and b those between species relative productivity against species’ maximum tree mass, Wmax_i, both a and b on log–log scale. The 95% log-normal prediction ellipses are shown for each of five biomes grouped by mean annual temperature (MAT) by corresponding colours, and the common ellipse for all species populations in all plots by filled grey. Fitted power-law models were: p_i = a_plot B_i^{–0.14±0.01} with a_plot ranging [0.011, 0.058], and p_i = a´_plot Wmax_i^{–0.18±0.01} with a´_plot ranging [0.0078, 0.043]. c Decrease of forest-plot woody productivity P = Σ_i p_i B_i with stepwise reduction of species biomass B_i from the smallest to the largest, in which lines show each plot, and the circles at the right show species woody productivity P_i = p_i B_i of the largest biomass species. Mean and s.d. percentage of the productivity of small-biomass species (B_i < 3 Mg C ha^–1, dashed line) to forest productivity P are presented; x axis is on square-root scale and y axis on normal scale. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.