Fig. 3: Thermomorphogenesis requires miR156.

a Volcano plots showing differentially accumulated (two-tailed p < 0.01, and fold change >2) miRNAs in 4-d-old Col-0 and dcl1-24/hyl1-2 seedlings grown under 50 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ R light between 21 °C and 27 °C. Statistical significance was analyzed using multiple t-tests with correction for multiple comparisons. b Venn diagram depicting that 14 miRNA targets were upregulated in hyl1-2 and rescued in dcl1-1/hy1-2. c Heatmap showing the relative expression levels of the 14 HYL1-regulated miRNA targets identified in (b) in 4-d-old Col-0, hyl1-2, and dcl1-24/hy1-2 seedlings grown under 50 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ R light at 27 °C. The green dots indicate that the corresponding miRNAs were among the 56 downregulated miRNAs in hyl1-2 and rescued in dcl1-24/hyl1-2, as shown in Fig. 2e. miRNA156 and SPLs are highlighted in magenta. d Representative images of 4-d-old Col-0, MIM156, and rSPL9 seedlings grown under 50 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ R light at either 21 °C or 27 °C. e Hypocotyl length measurements of the seedlings in (d) and their relative responses to the higher temperature. Error bars represent s.d. (n = 60 seedlings). The black number above the Col-0 columns represents the percent increase in hypocotyl length (mean ± s.d., n = 3 independent biological replicates) at 27 °C compared with 21 °C. The pink bars show the warm-temperature response of a mutant relative to that of Col-0 (set at 100%). Pink numbers show the mean ± s.d. of the relative responses. Different lowercase letters above the bars denote statistically significant differences in the relative responses (ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD, p < 0.01, n = 3 biological replicates). Error bars for the relative responses represent the s.d. of three biological replicates. The centers of the error bars indicate the mean. The source data underlying the hypocotyl measurements in (e) are provided in the Source Data file.