Fig. 1: Preparation of NF membranes regulated by g-C3N4.

a Schematic illustration of the g-C3N4-regulated membrane preparation process. b Optical photograph capturing the PIP + g-C3N4 + TMC reaction at 100 ms. c Optical photograph capturing PIP + TMC reaction at 100 ms. d Illustrations comparing the free and restricted diffusion of PIP during the IP process with and without g-C3N4.