Table 2 Evolutionary rate dynamics estimated by BAMM and MEDUSA for selected clades

From: Key innovations and the diversification of Hymenoptera

			Topology C-1								Topology A-0
			Focal clade			Background rate					Focal clade			Background rate
		Δ net. div.	net. div.	spec.	ext.	net. div.	spec.	ext.		Δ net. div.	net. div.	spec.	ext.	net. div.	spec.	ext.
Shifts identified by BAMM and MEDUSA
(3, ii) Aculeata minus Chrysidoidea	+	0.031	0.085	0.321	0.236	0.054	0.244	0.190	+	0.037	0.091	0.261	0.170	0.054	0.224	0.170
(4, iii) Bees minus Melittidae	+	0.099	0.154	0.298	0.145	0.055	0.252	0.197	+	0.101	0.156	0.291	0.134	0.055	0.226	0.171
Shifts identified by BAMM only
(1) Ichneumonidae (internal)	+	0.050	0.106	0.517	0.411	0.056	0.244	0.188	+	0.028	0.085	0.438	0.353	0.057	0.220	0.163
(2) Apocrita minus Ichneumonoidea	+	0.010	0.062	0.178	0.116	0.052	0.360	0.309		−	−	−	−	−	−	−
(2) Apocrita		−	−	−	−	−	−	−	+	0.033	0.060	0.225	0.165	0.027	0.275	0.249
(5) Cynipidae s.s.	+	0.058	0.115	0.302	0.188	0.057	0.252	0.196	+	0.055	0.112	0.353	0.241	0.057	0.226	0.169
(6) Eurytomidae (Eurytominae)	+	0.117	0.173	0.260	0.087	0.056	0.253	0.197		−	−	−	−	−	−	−
(6) Eurytomidae (Eurytominae, int.)		−	−	−	−	−	−	−	+	0.128	0.185	0.265	0.081	0.056	0.227	0.171
(7) Tenthredinoidea	−	−0.017	0.041	0.368	0.326	0.058	0.249	0.191	−	−0.017	0.042	0.307	0.265	0.059	0.225	0.166
(8) Ichneumonoidea	−	−0.003	0.056	0.366	0.310	0.059	0.193	0.134	−	−0.004	0.056	0.361	0.305	0.060	0.157	0.097
Shifts identified by MEDUSA only
(v) core Cynipoidea	+	0.015	0.072	0.183	0.111	0.057	0.257	0.201	+	0.012	0.069	0.173	0.104	0.057	0.231	0.174
(vi) Cynipoidea	+	0.009	0.066	0.171	0.104	0.057	0.259	0.202	+	0.007	0.065	0.160	0.095	0.058	0.233	0.175
(iv) Siricidae + Xiphydriidae	−	−0.038	0.020	0.293	0.273	0.058	0.253	0.194	−	−0.050	0.009	0.239	0.230	0.059	0.228	0.169
(v) Pamphiliidae + Xyelidae		−	−	−	−	−	−		−	−0.048	0.011	0.241	0.230	0.058	0.228	0.169
Aculeata	+	0.024	0.078	0.303	0.224	0.054	0.245	0.191	+	0.029	0.083	0.239	0.156	0.054	0.226	0.172
Vespina	+	0.035	0.060	0.225	0.164	0.026	0.272	0.247	+	0.033	0.060	0.225	0.165	0.027	0.275	0.249
Hymenoptera			0.058	0.253	0.195	−	−	−			0.058	0.228	0.170	−	−	−

Summary of mean net diversification, speciation and extinction rates estimated by BAMM for clades for which rate shifts were indicated by BAMM^45,46 and MEDUSA¹¹⁶. + indicates a higher focal net diversification rate compared to the background net diversification rate; − indicates a higher background net diversification rate than in the focal clade. Note that this does not indicate a positive or negative rate shift per se, as the mean background rate may be different from the mean rate in a particular subtree. The three clades with the highest net diversification rates are highlighted in bold font. Rate estimates are given for both topology C-1 and A-0. net. div = net diversification rate, spec. = speciation rate, ext. = extinction rate, Δ net. div. = difference between net diversification rate in the focal clade and the background rate, int. = internal. All rates are rounded to the third decimal. Latin and roman numbers refer to shifts as labeled in Fig. 3, Supplementary Figs. 20 and 22, and Supplementary Data 9. Source data for this Table can be found in the Dryad repository at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.08kprr54m (folder 3.2).

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Table 2 Evolutionary rate dynamics estimated by BAMM and MEDUSA for selected clades

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