Fig. 3: Plant-purified peptides display low toxicity in mammalian cells. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Plant-purified peptides display low toxicity in mammalian cells.

From: Efficient in planta production of amidated antimicrobial peptides that are active against drug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens

Fig. 3: Plant-purified peptides display low toxicity in mammalian cells.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Calcein AM (green, live cells) and ethidium homodimer (red, dead cells) staining of HEK293 cells 48 h after treatment with each peptide (50 μg/mL). b F-actin (green) and nuclei (blue) were stained with phalloidin-rhodamine/DAPI for the immunofluorescence staining after 72 h of treatment under laser scanning confocal microscope; scale bar: 20 μm. Two independent microscopy experiments have been performed with similar results. c Representative dose–response curves and d bar graph illustration of metabolic index of both peptide treated (300, 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 μg/mL) and untreated cells as measured by estimating the cellular ATP levels using luciferase-based CellTiter-Glo® reagent. Cell viability was quantified as the ratio of ATP levels-dependent luminescence in treated / untreated cells expressed as percentage. Untreated: cells in a tissue culture plate treated with PBS; Negative control: cells treated with 1% [v/v] Triton-X 100 (± SD, n = 3 independent biological replicates). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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