Fig. 3: Characterization of genes responsible for SCA biosynthesis in T. grandis.

a Overview of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. PDH pyruvate dehydrogenase, CT carboxyltransferase, BC biotin carboxylase, BCCP biotin carboxyl carrier protein, MCMT malonyl-CoA:ACP malonyltransferase, ACP acyl carrier protein, KAS ketoacyl-ACP synthase, SAD stearoyl-ACP desaturase, FATA acyl-ACP thioesterase A, FATB acyl-ACP thioesterase B, LACS long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase, DGAT diacylglycerol acyltransferase, PDAT phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase, PAP phosphatidic acid phosphatase, LPAT lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, GPAT glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, CPT cholinephosphotransferase, FAD2 oleate desaturase, FAD3 linoleate desaturase, PC phosphatidyl choline. b TgDES1 expression and SCA content in seeds from early development stage (May) to maturation stage (September). Different letters on the bars indicate statistical significance between samples at α = 0.05 (one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test). Measurements were performed in three biological replicates and data are presented as mean + SD. c Expression of TgELO1 and the content of its product cis-11,14-Eicosadienoic acid in seeds. Different letters on the bars indicate statistical significance between samples at α = 0.05 (one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test). Measurements were performed in three biological replicates and data are presented as mean + SD. d Subcellular localization of TgDES1 and TgELO1 in N. benthamiana leaves. e Detection of SCA and its precursor in Arabidopsis Col-0 and the transgenic line overexpressing both TgDES1 and TgELO1. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.