Fig. 4: Annual carbon emissions (normalized) for baseline, shallow, and deep retrofit scenarios, with current and projected grid emissions factors and with and without 100% rooftop photovoltaics deployment. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Annual carbon emissions (normalized) for baseline, shallow, and deep retrofit scenarios, with current and projected grid emissions factors and with and without 100% rooftop photovoltaics deployment.

From: Carbon reduction technology pathways for existing buildings in eight cities

Fig. 4: Annual carbon emissions (normalized) for baseline, shallow, and deep retrofit scenarios, with current and projected grid emissions factors and with and without 100% rooftop photovoltaics deployment.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Where applicable, carbon emission targets are shown in red lines. While many cities can meet their near-term carbon emissions reduction targets, meeting their long-term targets will require grid decarbonization and end-use electrification.

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