Fig. 1: Turing tests: comparisons between the performance of AI systems and their living counterparts.

Left: The original Turing test as proposed by Alan Turing²⁵. If a human tester cannot determine whether their interlocutor is an AI system or another human, the AI passes the test. Modern large language models have made substantial progress towards passing this test²⁶. Right: The embodied Turing test. An AI animal model—whether robotic or in simulation—passes the test if its behavior is indistinguishable from that of its living counterpart. No AI systems are close to passing this test. Here, an artificial beaver is tested on the species-specific behavior of dam construction.