Fig. 2: Contribution of AGM-derived HSCs to adult testicular macrophages occurs within a specific recruitment window during fetal development.

a Strategy for 4-OHT-induced lineage-tracing and harvesting of testes from KitcreER; Rosa-Tomato embryos and juvenile/adult mice. Embryo image was created with BioRender.com software (BioRender.com). b–m Representative images (n = 3 independent gonads) of testes at various stages from KitcreER; Rosa-Tomato mice exposed to 4-OHT at E8.5 (b, f, g), E10.5 (c–e, h, i), E12.5 (j, k), or E14.5 (l, m). Dashed lines indicate gonad–mesonephros boundary. Black arrowheads denote Tomato-expressing PECAM1+ endothelial cells, white arrowheads denote Tomato-expressing F4/80+ macrophages, black arrows denote Tomato-expressing CYP17A1+ Leydig cells, and white arrows denote Tomato-expressing F4/80-negative cells. Thin scale bar, 100 μm; thick scale bar, 25 μm. n–q Graphs showing quantification (n = 3 independent gonads) of percent Tomato-expressing F4/80+ macrophages at E14.5, E16.5, or E18.5 (n), number of Tomato-expressing F4/80− cells per unit area at E14.5, E16.5, or E18.5 (o), and percent Tomato-expressing interstitial (CD206+) and peritubular (MHCII+) macrophages at P30 (p) and P90 (q) in KitcreER; Rosa-Tomato testes induced with 4-OHT at various embryonic stages. Data are shown as mean +/− SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 (two-tailed Student’s t test). Exact P values are provided in the Source Data file.