Fig. 2: Design philosophy of BM and illustration of MBM architecture process.
From: Continuous ammonia electrosynthesis using physically interlocked bipolar membrane at 1000 mA cm−2
a Concentration profile of H+ (solid) and OH− (dot) near the interface of AEL and CEL with applied transmembrane voltage from 0.6 to 1.3 V based on numerical simulation via COMSOL software. The disparity of BM with (blue line) and without (black) enhanced interfacial kinetics is presented as a wathet lump. The x-coordinate of the interface is set to x = 60 μm and a 20 nm region of both layers is presented here. Schematic of two steps of bipolar membrane WD process at interface is presented as inset. b, Schematic of multi-step MBM fabrication processes. c, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of CoNi hydroxide templates (left) and surface structure of template-transfer AELs (right) with scale bars of 1 μm. Inset shows a locally amplified structure of top view microstructure, with scale bars of 200 nm.
