Fig. 3: Regulation and characterization of MBM interlayer structure and determination of WD kinetics.
From: Continuous ammonia electrosynthesis using physically interlocked bipolar membrane at 1000 mA cm−2
a Distribution of heights (upper, wathet bar) and width (lower, yellow bar) of CoNi needle-like microarray as templates with their Gaussian profiles showing by red line plots. b Surface topography of template-transfer AEL re-plotted with lattice coordinates. c Independent regulations of AEL structural parameters on porosity and pore depth. Reconstruction of three-dimensional images and projection images of micro-computed tomography showing in d for MBM and e for flat interface BM obtained by in-situ micro-CT tomography with scale bars of 5 μm. f SEM image and elements distributions of MBM interlayer region with scale bars of 2 μm. The characteristic elements for the three layers are iodine (I), fluorine (F), and tin (Sn), respectively. g EIS Nyquist plots of MBM and flat interface BM at 5 mA cm−2. Inset shows an equivalent circuit, where RΩ, RCT, CPE, and G represent Ohmic resistance, Ionic transportation resistance, constant phase element, and Gerischer element, respectively. h Fitting results of EIS measurements according to the equivalent circuit. Ohmic resistance, Depletion layer thickness, and Ionic transportation resistance were presented in reciprocal form.
