Fig. 1: IGFBP5 expression is associated with GSCs invasion and patient survival in glioma.

a Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the whole brain from mice implanted with GSCs (448, X01, 131, and 83). Scale bar, 100 μm. b Invasion assays of four GSCs (448, X01, 131, and 83) after 48 h. Images are representative of three independent experiments (Scale bar, 100 μm; n = 3), the bar graph shows the average numbers of invasive cells. All error bars represent means ± standard error of the mean (SEM), ^***P < 0.001, two-tailed Student’s t-test. c Venn diagram of Differentially-Expressed Genes (DEGs) identified in our RNA-seq analysis and the TCGA low-grade glioma (LGG) RNA-seq dataset (left) and the putative candidate genes associated with GSC invasion and the survival of patients with glioma (right). d IGFBP5 read distribution (RNA-seq) in the four types of GSCs. e RT-qPCR validation of IGFBP5 expression in GSCs. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 3 independent experiments), ^**P < 0.01, two-tailed Student’s t-test. f ELISA analysis of secreted IGFBP5 protein in conditioned media (CM) from GSCs cultured for 3 days. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3 independent experiments), ^***P < 0.001, two-tailed Student’s t-test. g Kaplan–Meier survival curves for LGG patients with high or low IGFBP5 expression based on the median expression in the TCGA dataset. P = 0.000431, log-rank test. h Kaplan–Meier survival curves for GBM patients with high or low IGFBP5 expression based on the median expression in the TCGA dataset. P = 0.0031, log-rank test. Source data and exact P values are provided as the Source Data file.