Fig. 3: Brain-wide BOLD activations of NREM and REM sleep and their electrophysiological correlates.

a Group BOLD activation maps of NREM and REM compared to AW state (FDR corrected, p < 0.05; n = 46 sessions from 24 mice). b Region-of-interest (ROI) definitions for extracting the BOLD changes in (c). Abbreviations of ROIs were listed in Supplementary Data 1. c Mean (+/− SEM) relative BOLD changes of NREM and REM compared to AW state (sample size: n = 46 sessions from 24 mice). d, e Electrophysiological correlates of sleep dependent BOLD changes. Left panel, relative ECoG (d) or LFP (e) band-limited power in NREM and REM compared to AW state. Right panel, Pearson’s correlation coefficients (C.C.) between relative ECoG (d) or LFP (e) band-limited power and BOLD response in NREM and REM states. delta (δ), 1–4 Hz; theta (θ), 5–10 Hz; alpha (α), 11–20 Hz; beta (β), 21–40 Hz; gamma (γ), 41–100 Hz. Statistical significance was calculated by two-tailed t-test.*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ****p < 0.0001; n.s., no significance. For ECoG dataset (d), the sample size of NREM is 2372 and REM is 138 (sample size: n = 27 sessions from 14 mice). For LFP dataset (e), the sample size of NREM is 1479 and REM is 30 (sample size: n = 19 sessions from 10 mice). The box showed the first and third quartiles; inner line was the median over sessions; whiskers represented minimum and maximum values (outliers removed). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.