Fig. 5: Enhanced systemic immune responses by mU@OMVs in B16F10 tumor-bearing mice.

a Schematic illustration of experimental design. b–d Expression levels of CD80, CD86, and MHC-II gated on CD11c⁺ cells in DLNs by flow cytometry. e Percentages of MHC-I⁺ cells in CD11c⁺ CD8⁺ DCs and CD11c⁺ CD8⁻ DCs in DLNs. f Representative flow cytometry plots showing the CD3⁺ T cells in the spleens. g–i The percentages of CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ cells in CD3⁺ T lymphocytes detected by flow cytometry in the spleens. j Schematic illustration of the experiment for determination of antigen-specific immune responses. k IFN-γ secretion by splenocytes (gated on CD3⁺ CD8⁺ T cells) after re-stimulation with B16F10 antigen for 24 h determined by flow cytometry. l, m Flow cytometry and quantification of expression levels of IFN-γ⁺ CD8⁺ T lymphocytes (gated on CD3⁺ cells) in tumors. Data in b–e, h, i, k, m are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 3 biologically independent samples). Statistically significant differences between groups were identified by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test. ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, n.s., not significant. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.