Fig. 1: Changes (%) in soil contaminants in urban greenspaces compared with adjacent natural areas worldwide.

A response ratios of (site-level described in Methods) of standardized contaminant indices of metal(loid)s, pesticides, microplastics (MPs), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). B the changes (site-level response ratios, mean ± 95% confidence interval) in the selected soil contaminants within the four categories (i.e., metal(loid)s, pesticides, MPs, and ARGs) and multi-contamination (represented by different colors), comparing urban greenspaces to adjacent natural areas (see Supplementary Fig. 3 for the concentrations of soil contaminants). Multi-contamination represents an average contamination index of standardized four categories of soil contaminants. Complementary figures showing results using an independent approach can be seen in Supplementary Fig. 3, 7 and 10, 11. The maps in the figure were generated using ArcGIS 10.2 software.