Fig. 4: Drivers for future changes in forced warming pattern over Arabian Sea (AS).
Left panel shows the ensemble mean climatology of a wind stress curl (shaded) and Ekman transport (vectors), and d mean sea level pressure (shaded) and surface wind stress (vectors) for the 50 members of CESM2-LE during the historical period (1980–2000). b, e Same as in (a, d) but for the ensemble mean changes by taking the difference between the future (2080–2100) and the historical (1980–2000) periods. The right panel shows area-averaged time series of c meridional and zonal Ekman transport over the AS, and f cross-equatorial volume transport over the equatorial western Indian Ocean. A 15-year running mean is applied to all the time-series. Thick (thin) lines represent the ensemble mean (individual ensemble members) in all the right panel plots (ZEkT zonal Ekman transport, MEkT meridional Ekman transport, CEVT cross-equatorial volume transport).
