Fig. 3: The reversible behavior of the newly designed NN-based ceramics.
From: Well-defined double hysteresis loop in NaNbO3 antiferroelectrics
The first and second circles of P–E loops and I–E curves for (a) and (b) NN; (c) and (d) NN-20AN; (e) and (f) NN-5CH; (g, h) NN-20AN-5CH. i The piezoelectric coefficient d33 for the poled samples. The Raman spectra under various conditions of virgin state, electric field on and off states for (j) NN and (k) NN-20AN-5CH. The electric fields applied are 150 and 300 kV cm-1 for NN and NN-20AN-5CH respectively, to ensure the field-induced AFE–FE phase transition.
