Fig. 4: The polarization and strain of the newly designed NN-based ceramics.
From: Well-defined double hysteresis loop in NaNbO3 antiferroelectrics
a P–E loops and (b) S–E curves. The inset of a shows magnified scale for NN-20AN-5CH. Compositions dependence of (c) Pm, Pr, Pr/Pm; (d) EAF, EFA; (e) Sm, Sneg, Sneg/Sm, derived from the P–E loops, the I–E curves in Supplementary Figs. 12 and 13, and the S–E curves, respectively. f Electric field dependence of P–E loops for NN-20AN-5CH, the inset gives the Pm as a function of maximum measuring electric fields. g The electronegativity difference and tolerance factor of NN-based12,13,17,46,47,48,49,50, AN-based5,51,52,53,54,55,56 and Pb-based8,26,57,58,59,60,61,62, AFEs. (NNT: NaNb0.6Ta0.4O3; NNSZ: Na0.96Sr0.04Nb0.96Zr0.04O3; NNCH: Na0.96Ca0.04Nb0.96Hf0.04O3; NNCT: Na0.9Ca0.1Nb0.9Ti0.1O3; NNCS: Na0.96Ca0.04Nb0.96Sn0.04O3; NNSS: Na0.95Sr0.05Nb0.95Hf0.05O3; NNCZ: Na0.96Ca0.04Nb0.96Zr0.04O3; NNLNT: Na0.95La0.05Nb0.9Ti0.1O3; ANT: AgNb0.45Ta0.55O3; CANT: Ag0.9Ca0.05Nb0.95Ta0.05O3; NANT: Ag0.97Nd0.01Ta0.20Nb0.80O3; ANZ: AgNb0.99Zr0.01O2.995; ANCT: Ag0.98Ca0.02Nb0.98Ti0.02O3; SmAN: Ag0.91Sm0.03NbO3; CAN: Ag0.92Ca0.04NbO3; PH: PbHfO3; PZT: PbZr0.95Ti0.05O3; PCZ: Pb0.88Ca0.12ZrO3; PIN: PbIn0.5Nb0.5O3; PLN: PbLu0.5Nb0.5O3; PLZT: (Pb0.97La0.02)(Zr0.55Ti0.45)0.995O3; PLZST: Pb0.97La0.02Zr0.5Sn0.45Ti0.05O3; PZST: PbZr0.455Sn0.455Ti0.09O3.
