Fig. 2: Active inclusion of local stakeholders is linked to improved translocation outcomes.

Bars indicate the proportion of studies reported in the IUCN Global Re-introduction Perspectives Series (2008–2021) that incorporated human dimension objectives in their restoration project varied based on the types of groups involved in the project. The color gradient from lighter red (lower) to darker red (higher) represents the percentage of studies involving each group that had positive translocation outcomes, regardless of whether human dimension objectives were included. By group type, the percent of translocations that resulted in a positive outcome were local community: 97%; private landowner: 93%; zoo: 89%, government: 89%; non-profit: 87%; academic: 85%; private company: 83%.