Fig. 3: Annual curtailment rate and realized capacity factor for all the coastal provinces under various wind investment levels. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Annual curtailment rate and realized capacity factor for all the coastal provinces under various wind investment levels.

From: Grid integration feasibility and investment planning of offshore wind power under carbon-neutral transition in China

Fig. 3

a Annual onshore wind curtailment rate in 2020 grid structure. Limitation for the 5% curtailment rate proposed by NDRC is presented with black triangles. b Annual offshore wind curtailment rate in 2020 grid structure. Limitation for the 5% curtailment rate proposed by NDRC is presented with black triangles. c Realized capacity factor of onshore wind power considering possible curtailment losses in the integration simulations. Capacity cost-competitive with nuclear power on LCOE basis in 2020 is presented with black triangles. d Realized capacity factor of offshore wind power considering possible curtailment losses in the integration simulations. Capacity cost-competitive with nuclear power on LCOE basis in 2020 is presented with black triangles. e Provincial distribution of the economic potential competitive with nuclear power on LCOE basis in 2020 (red diamond), and the physical potential with grid restrictions considering 20% curtailment threshold in 2020 (gray diamond). Economic potential considering both LCOE and integration barriers is presented with green bars.

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