Fig. 4: Regional distribution of the major renewable alternatives in National planning and our Optimization results.
a Regional distribution of the onshore wind, solar and offshore wind power in the National planning (inner circle) and our optimization planning (outer circle), with each renewable alternative characterized by color types (summarized in left legend). Renewable allocation in each region is calibrated with color depth and regional abbreviation (also summarized in left legend). b The renewable penetration (including hydro power), cost increase and carbon avoided compared with the baseline scenario. The carbon dioxide abatement cost (expenditure to avoid 1ton of CO2). c Offshore wind provincial allocation in the national planning and our optimization results. Province in the South Grid is calibrated with red color and province in East Grid is calibrated with blue color.
