Fig. 2: SARS-CoV-2-specific lung T cell responses from convalescent and vaccinated patients and comparison between tissue compartments.

a Representative flow-cytometry plots showing CD4⁺ T cells expressing CD107a and IFNγ after exposure of single-cell suspensions of lung tissue to S-peptide pools or left unstimulated for each of the four groups included in this study (complete gating strategy is shown in Supplementary Fig. 2b). b Comparison of the net frequency (background subtracted) of IFNγ⁺ cells within CD4⁺ (upper) and CD8⁺ (lower) T cell subsets after exposure of lung single-cell suspensions to any of the three viral peptide pools (membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N), and spike (S) peptides). c Comparison of the net frequency of IFNγ⁺ cells within CD4⁺ (left) and CD8⁺ (right) T cell subsets in paired blood and lung samples of each group after exposure to S-peptide pools. Data in bar graphs are shown as median ± IQR, where each dot represents an individual patient for each group (Ctrl, control, n = 5; Inf, convalescent infected, n = 9; LT, vaccine 2/3 doses, n = 10, and ST, vaccine 3/4 doses, n = 6). Statistical significance was determined by b Kruskal–Wallis test (with Dunn´s post-test, two-sided) or c Wilcoxon test (two-sided). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.