Fig. 2: Genipin reduces αSyn aggregation and toxicity.

a αSyn-GFP toxicity was assessed by FCM. E vs A, *p = 0.0181; A vs AG, *p = 0.0159 (n = 3). b Fluorescence microscopy imaging of αSyn-GFP-overexpressing cells supplemented or not with 10 μM of genipin (scale bar 5 μm) (n = 4). c Percentage of cells with αSyn-GFP inclusions (A, 1659 cells; AG, 2044 cells) cells for were counted. A vs AG, **p = 0.0014 (n = 4) d αSyn-GFP protein levels of cells subjected to the conditions indicated (Pgk1 was used as loading control), assessed by western blot (n = 3). e Filter trap assay of total yeast protein extract. Quantification of αSyn signal retained in the membrane by western blot (n = 3). f Total yeast protein extract was resolved using size exclusion-chromatography (SEC). Fractions were collected and the αSyn-GFP species present were analyzed by SDS-PAGE followed by western blot (n = 3). g Clearance of αSyn-GFP was evaluated by western blotting at the indicated time points. Pgk1 was used as loading control (n = 3). h Proteasome impairment evaluated by FCM using uGFP, Median Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) (n = 4, E vs A, *p = 0.0121 (n = 4). Control cells with empty vector – E, Control cells + 10 μM genipin – G, αSyn-GFP cells – A, αSyn-GFP cells + 10 μM genipin – AG.