Fig. 4: Electrochemical investigations on the multielectrode reaction of the Cl-I positive electrode.

a CV profiles at 0.1 mV s-1 to study the two functionalities of I in I-containing and I-absent electrodes. b GCD profiles of the Cl-I electrode operated within different potential ranges at 0.5 A gI2-1 in a ZnǁCl-I pouch cell at 25 °C. c Identification of the various stages in the electrochemical reaction via cell discharge voltage analysis, in which the energy density for the 1-electron I0/I- reaction was 233.8 Wh kgI2−1. d Schematics of the interhalogen coordinating chemistry to illustrate the electron flow during battery charging and electron redistributing, in which the valence states of I and Cl redox centres are marked.