Fig. 5: Catalytic mechanism of HzOR and the catalyst’s evolution during catalysis.

a CV curves in 1 M KOH (blue curves) or 1.0 M KOH + 0.005 M N2H4 under different cycles of scanning (red: first cycle, yellow: second cycle and green: third cycle); b Histograms of the ratio between MPOx and MP for the surface of Ni-Co-P/NF and Ni-Co-P/NF-inactivated; c Raman spectra of Ni-Co-P/NF in 1 M KOH or 1 M KOH + 0.1 M N2H4; (d, e) In situ electrochemical Raman spectra of Ni-Co-P/NF in 1 M KOH + 0.1 M N2H4 (d) at varied applied potentials and (e) at different reaction time intervals under constant 0.2 V; (f) Free energy changes of HzOR in path I at NiCoP(111)/CoP(011) interface, CoP(011) and NiCoP(111) surfaces and the most stable adsorption configuration of the intermediate at NiCoP(111)/CoP(011) interface in the inset; (g) Free energy changes of HzOR in path II at NiCoP(111)/CoP(011) interface with the most stable adsorption configuration of the intermediate.