Fig. 2: Activity of Y6X CAR-T cell variants.

a Vector schematic of Y6X CAR variants: Y6V, Y6L, and Y6F. b The relative affinities of UBS54 and Y6X CARs determined by a saturation binding assay using AF647-conjugated monomeric EpCAM. Data represent mean ± SD of triplicate samples. c Bioluminescence-based cytotoxicity assay using cell lines at an E:T ratio of 1:1. d Impedance-based cytotoxicity assay measuring cytolytic activity of CAR-T cells against primary colon and kidney epithelial cells (EpC) at an E:T ratio of 1:1. Data in c and d are presented as mean ± SD of triplicate wells (n = 1 T-cell donor). e Cytokine levels were measured in co-culture supernatants (E:T = 1:1, 24 h). Data represent the mean ± SD of triplicate wells (n = 1 T-cell donor). f Schematic of the subcutaneous SNU-638 tumor model. NSG mice were subcutaneously implanted with 1 × 106 SNU-638 cells and treated on day 7 post-xenograft with UBS54, Y6V or Y6L CAR-T cells (1 × 107 cells/mouse) via tail vein injection or left untreated (No T). g Tumor volumes after CAR-T cell treatment. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 6 mice for No T and UBS54 groups, n = 4 mice for Y6V and Y6L groups in one experiment). P-values were determined by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.