Fig. 3: Catalytic stability comparison between the electrochemical-assisted selective hydrogenation and the hydrogenation on commercial Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst.

a Butadiene conversion and b selectivity to butenes and propane formation as a function of time on stream by electrochemistry-assisted selective hydrogenation strategy (current density = −15 mA cm⁻², electrolyte flow rate = 5 mL min⁻¹ and GHSV = 5308 h⁻¹, at 25~30 °C, with 0.6% butadiene and 6% propene in helium as reactants) and thermocatalytic selective hydrogenation reaction on commercial Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst (25~30 °C, GHSV = 5308 h⁻¹, with a mixture of 0.6% butadiene, 6% propene and 20% hydrogen in helium). c Comparison of thermocatalytic, electrocatalytic and electrochemistry-assisted process in selective alkynes/alkadienes hydrogenation reaction.