Fig. 3: Characterization and volatile reagent effects in the non-solvent post-modification.

a FT-IR spectra and b N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms measured at 77 K. c Comparison of N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and BET surface areas for post-modifications of PIM-1 by volatile and non-volatile reagents via the non-solvent method. and d Schematic illustration of the post-synthetic modification by using different modifying substances. The final products are methyl K-PIM−1 (MeMgBr), ethyl K-PIM-1 (EtMgBr), tert-butyl K-PIM-1 (t-BuMgCl), isobutyl K-PIM-1 (i-BuMgBr), and phenyl K-PIM-1 (PhMgBr), which derived from the reaction between PIM-1 and Grignard reagents; methylmagnesium bromide, ethylmagnesium bromide, tert-buthylmagnesium chloride, isobuthylmagnesium bromide, and phenylmagnesium bromide, respectively.