Fig. 1: Retinomorphic photomemristor-reservoir computing (RP-RC) system.

a Schematic of the RP-RC system with a retinomorphic photomemristor array (PMA) operating as dynamic vision reservoir and a readout network. The PMA senses multiple frames of a video and temporally stores them in the last frame for further processing in the readout network. b Structure of the RP-RC system. X, h, and Y indicate the optical inputs, hidden states, and output currents. c Photomemristive switching behavior of the PMA. The illumination time is 20 s and the decay curves are measured about 1, 3, 7, 20 min after the light source is turned off. The inset illustrates the input of programmed light pulses and an optical image of the PMA. d Sensing, accumulating, and memory of optical inputs (X) using 100 ms pulses at a repetition rate of 0.5 Hz and a photomemristor bias voltage of 1.0 V. The PMA senses and temporally memorizes optical information through the slowly decaying photocurrent. e 300 dynamic analog hidden states of the retinomorphic PMA measured after applying 1 to 300 optical pulses with a duration of 100 ms at a repetition rate of 0.5 Hz.