Fig. 8: Ruffling of the membrane-condensate interface is enhanced for vesicles with more excess area and can be tuned by tension.
From: Wetting and complex remodeling of membranes by biomolecular condensates
a The percentage of vesicles in which ruffling is observed increases with increasing the membrane excess area as shown by the fraction of floppy vesicles. Deflation ratio in the graph is the ratio of the externally applied osmolarity to the initial vesicle osmolarity (n ≥ 50 for each experiment, three independent experiments are shown for each condition (circles), horizontal lines indicate the mean values and boxes width show the SD). b Increasing membrane tension via micropipette aspiration results in the suppression of ruffles and smoothing out of the condensate-membrane interface. The tension threshold needed to suppress the ruffles is (1.0 ± 0.2) mN/m (n = 5). When releasing the membrane area by decreasing the tension, ruffles reappeared within a minute (upper middle and right panels, up- and down-arrows signify increasing and decreasing suction pressure). Scale bars are 5 µm. A zoom of the membrane region highlighted with white dashed line is shown in the lower panels. Scale bars are 2 µm. Data for panel a is provided as a Source Data file.
