Fig. 4: Model-predicted robustness and evolvability.
From: Robustness and innovation in synthetic genotype networks
a Network topologies (schemes as in Fig. 1) and their neighbor relations (grey lines indicating that GRNs in two topologies are reachable by a single mutation). Pie charts indicate fractions of GRNs (genotypes) with BLUE-stripe (blue), GREEN-stripe (green) and non-functional (NF; grey) phenotype per topology. b Distributions of evolvability (number of phenotypes in the 1-neighborhood of a genotype) for genotypes with BLUE, GREEN, and NF phenotype (colors as in a). c Example subgraph for the red-circled node with evolvability 3 and its direct neighbors (37 BLUE-, 1 GREEN-stripe and 4 NF, colors as in a). d Transition frequencies (median, interquartile range in brackets) between indicated phenotypes resulting from transitions between neighboring genotypes. e Robustness (fraction of neighboring genotypes with the same phenotype as a given genotype) classified by type of perturbations (indicated by numbers in GRN diagram), namely changes of sgRNA type (1–6) and promoter strengths (7–8) for the respective interactions and nodes for GRNs with BLUE-stripe phenotype. f Experimental test of a model prediction to convert a BLUE-stripe GRN to a GREEN-stripe GRN with the same topology; symbols as in Fig. 2. Data show the mean of three biological replicates, with error bars depicting s.d. of normalized replicates (n = 3).
