Fig. 2: Sintering distortion of micropillars.

a Flower-like opening of an AJ printed 4×4 array of silver micropillars, each with 60 μm diameter and 4 mm height, heated to 300 °C over 12 hours. The three images show snapshots at the initial stage, after distortion, and after a partial recoil. A video of this curvature evolution is shown in Supplementary Movie 1. b Average curvature of the outermost micropillars shown in a as a function of time during heating. The formation of peak curvature and recoil are clearly observed. The dotted line represents a fit to the experimental data.