Fig. 3: Experimental evolution of microwall curvature during sintering. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Experimental evolution of microwall curvature during sintering.

From: Shape distortion in sintering results from nonhomogeneous temperature activating a long-range mass transport

Fig. 3: Experimental evolution of microwall curvature during sintering.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Bending of AJ printed 20 and 35 μm thick nanoparticle walls (1.5 × 1.5 mm) during sintering. The front and side views clearly demonstrate measurable permanent deformation. Scale bar is 0.75 mm. b Curvature of the walls shown in a as a function of time indicating the peak and partial recoil. c Representative SEM image of a 35 μm thick wall before and after sintering and curvature formation. d A bent nanoparticle wall that showed no additional shape change upon further sintering after the main experiment. e Porosity measurements for the wall shown in d through the thickness. No significant porosity gradient observed in these measurements (i.e., there is no statistical variation in porosity which could support the curvature seen). Error bars represent standard deviation. f A representative cross-section of the bent nanoparticle wall in d. Many such images were used to compile the graph in e.

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