Fig. 7: Immunologic resilience (IR) continuum defined by transcriptomic metrics of IR associated with immune health grades (IHGs). | Nature Communications

Fig. 7: Immunologic resilience (IR) continuum defined by transcriptomic metrics of IR associated with immune health grades (IHGs).

From: Immune resilience despite inflammatory stress promotes longevity and favorable health outcomes including resistance to infection

Fig. 7: Immunologic resilience (IR) continuum defined by transcriptomic metrics of IR associated with immune health grades (IHGs).The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Schema for IR continuum. IR tiers and erosion phenotypes defined by the IR metrics IHGs, survival-associated signature (SAS)-1, and mortality-associated signature (MAS)-1. Higher expression of SAS-1 and MAS-1 serve as transcriptomic proxies for immunocompetence (IC) and inflammation (IF), respectively. Groupings of SAS-1 and MAS-1 based on higher or lower levels of these signatures are depicted. b–i Distribution of the SAS-1/MAS-1 groupings/profiles in (b) the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) stratified by sex and age; (c) the San Antonio Family Heart Study categorized by sex, age, and both; (d) a meta-analysis of persons without (controls) vs. with Alzheimer disease (AD) and other dementia disorders; (e) persons without (control) vs. with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) stratified by IHGs with subgrades and age strata; (f) the acute COVID-19 cohort stratified by IHGs with subgrades; (g) participants of the early HIV infection cohort (EIC) stratified by IHGs with subgrades reconstituted during virally suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) or in therapy-naïve spontaneous virologic controller (SVC); (h) the acute COVID-19 cohort sampled at baseline stratified by age, hospitalization, and survivor status; (i) acute COVID-19 cohort and patients with SLE stratified by IHGs, and healthy controls and therapy-naïve (without ART) HIV+ patients by disease stage. Asymp, asymptomatic. j Schema, proportions of SAS-1/MAS-1 groupings/profiles. In panels (b–i) the SAS-1/MAS-1 groupings are based on cohort-level higher or lower expression (above or below median, respectively) of SAS-1 and MAS-1. Cohort characteristics and sources of gene expression profile data are in Supplementary Data 13a. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ns nonsignificant. Two-sided tests were used. Statistics are outlined in Supplementary Information Section 11.3.6., P values are in Supplementary Data 14, and Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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