Fig. 4: Transport characterization of eight spin configurations.
From: Distinguishing artificial spin ice states using magnetoresistance effect for neuromorphic computing

All the resistance is measured at θ = 0° after the magnetic stimuli at certain angle with a small field to eliminate the AMR effect from most of the Py base layer. a Resistance of the eight long-range ordered spin configurations in the ASI tri-layer structure with the sequence angle of in-plane magnetic field at room temperature. The dash line represents the resistance value of the demagnetized state. b The separated eight peaks of the histogram of the acquired resistance data. c The calculated resistance of the eight long-range ordered spin configurations in the ASI tri-layer structure in model calculation. d The separated eight peaks of the histogram of the calculated resistance data.