Fig. 3: dTSSK depletion impairs the histone-to-protamine transition.

a–c Live imaging showing defective removal of histone H3 (a), histone H4 (b), and the transition protein Tpl94D (c) from sperm DNA in dTSSK−/− flies. w1118 flies were used as a wild-type control. H3, H4, and Tpl94D were labeled with GFP, and Mst35Bb was labeled with mCherry. Sperm images were mainly collected according to the developmental stages of spermatozoa. DNA stained with DAPI, blue; H3-GFP, H4-GFP, and Tpl94D-GFP, green; Mst35Bb-mCherry, red. Scale bar, 5 μm.