Fig. 2: Alteration to production-based emissions (PBE) and consumption-based emissions (CBE) due to capital re-allocation.

a National PBE with (PBEK, represented by the orange dashed line) and without (conventional PBE, represented by the red solid line) the re-allocation of capital-associated CO2 emissions (FK), as well as the national CBE with (stacked grey, purple and light purple areas) and without (i.e., the conventional CBE, represented by the black solid line) the re-allocation of FK. b Changes in regional per-capita PBE and CBE for the year 2017 with and without the re-allocation of FK. The geographical partition of China can be found in Table S4. c Inter-provincial inequality of per-capita PBE and CBE in 2017 with and without the re-allocation of FK. The gray dashed line represents the perfect equality of per-capita CO2 emissions.