Fig. 1: snRNA-seq analysis reveals distinct ligand-receptor pairings between ECs and BAs in BAT of adult mice.

a Diagram depicting the procedures for snRNA-seq on the isolated nuclei of BAs, ECs, and SCs of the BAT in adult C57BL/6 J mice (N = 20). snRNA-seq was performed in nuclei isolated from a floating layer consisting of brown adipocytes (BAs) and fragmented vasculature (FV) after BAT digestion. b UMAP plot showing 5 main clusters, Ucp1high and Ucp1low BAs, white adipocytes (WAs), endothelial cells (ECs), and pericytes (PCs) of a total of 10,841 cells in BATs. c UMAP plots showing the expression of the distinct genes in each cluster of BAs, ECs, and PCs. d Violin plots showing the expressions of indicated genes in Ucp1high and Ucp1low BAs and WAs. e Dot plots showing indicated signaling pathways from source cells (outgoing communication) to target cells (incoming communication) according to ligand-receptor pairings among BAs, ECs, and PCs. The signaling pathways from ECs to BAs are highlighted by dark red dotted-lined boxes. Relative contribution degrees are present as different sizes of circles. f UMAP plot showing ligand-receptor pairing for Kit, Efnb, and Bmp signaling pathways in 5 main clusters.