Fig. 2: Electrostatic interaction induces Mo7–Fe assemblies.

a Mo K-edge XANES spectra and b Fourier transforms of the Mo K-edge EXAFS spectra of Mo7–Fe hydrogel with the references. c Fe K-edge XANES spectra and d Fourier transforms of the Fe K-edge EXAFS spectra of Mo7–Fe hydrogel with the references. These experimental XAS spectra are shown to prove the electrostatic interaction between Mo7 clusters and Fe3+ ions. e Time-resolved scattering intensity plots, representing the increment of the scattered intensity throughout the self-assembly process of Mo7–Fe hydrogel. f Time-dependent size distribution by CONTIN analysis of the DLS data. g Zeta potentials upon reaction of 6.07 × 10−5 mol/L Mo7 clusters by the adding of Fe3+ solution, demonstrating the charge inversion process of Mo7 anion clusters.