Fig. 1: Dielectric spectroscopic measurements and analysis.
From: Nonthermal acceleration of protein hydration by sub-terahertz irradiation
a Time courses of the measurements of lysozyme solutions subjected to different perturbations. Temperatures measured in real time are represented on the vertical axis. The period of each perturbation caused by 0.1 THz irradiation (THz) or conduction heating/cooling (HTC/LTC) is indicated by red shading. b Method of time-lapse measurement. Initially, the complex dielectric permittivity of the Unknown sample was determined via Open, Short, and Standard calibration of the probe surface according to Eq. (7). c Relaxation analysis for the polydisperse liquid. The as-obtained spectra of the real and imaginary parts of complex permittivity were analyzed based on the Nyquist plot. In the multiple relaxation components consisting of lysozyme solution (top: \(\beta\), \({\delta }_{1}\), \({\delta }_{2}\), \({\gamma }_{1}\) and \({\gamma }_{2}\)), we analyzed the single Debye relaxation function of \({\varepsilon }_{{{{{{\rm{\gamma }}}}}}1}^{*}\left(\omega \right)\) to calculate the dielectric parameters (\({\varepsilon }_{{{{{{\rm{\gamma }}}}}}1}\left(s\right)\), \({\varepsilon }_{{{{{{\rm{\gamma }}}}}}1}\left(\infty \right)\), and \({{f}}_{{{{{{\rm{c\gamma }}}}}}1}\)) and the shifts (Δr, deformed display) from the Debye relaxation model (bottom). The peak of Δr is indicated by \({P}_{\Delta {{{\rm{r}}}}}\).
