Fig. 4: The stimulus- and outcome-selectivity of response patterns in S1 and lOFC, respectively.
From: Human orbitofrontal cortex signals decision outcomes to sensory cortex during behavioral adaptations
a The schematic and representational dissimilarity matrix (RDM) of the stimulus-selective and outcome-selective model. Black elements indicate similarity and white elements indicate dissimilarity between the response pattern before and after reversal. b Average RDMs of response pattern in S1 and OFC across all participants for the immediate effect of the reversal (LE → RN) and the stable adaptation after re-learning (LE → → RE), respectively. c The response patterns in lOFC significantly represented the outcomes during both the immediate effect of the reversal (LE → RN, signed rank test, Z(31) = 3.974, p = 3.54 × 10−5; permutation test, effect size = 0.52, p = 0.021) and the stable adaptation after re-learning (LE → → RE, signed-rank test, Z(31) = 4.628, p = 1.85 × 10−6; permutation test, effect size = 0.87, p = 0.0003). d The response patterns in S1 significantly represented both, the stimulus (signed-rank test, Z(31) = 1.861, p = 0.031; permutation test, effect size = 0.59, p = 0.011) and outcome (signed-rank test, Z(31) = 4.217, p = 1.24 × 10−5; permutation test, effect size = 0.47, p = 0.027) during the stable adaptation after re-learning (LE → → RE). Signed-rank and permutation tests were applied one-sidedly. One asterisk indicates p < 0.05, and two asterisks indicate p < 0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. The brain illustrations above figures indicate the lOFC and S1_3b mask superimposed on the sagittal slice of a standard T1-weighted image from the Colin27 brain template implemented in MRIcron. Chris Rorden’s MRIcron, all rights reserved.
